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'The energy and environmental crisis has become increasingly severe. Saving resources and protecting the environment have become one of the basic principles for the successful transformation of China's sustainable development strategy and economic development model. In the “Eleventh Five-Year†development plan for the economy and society, China has formulated binding targets for energy conservation and emission reduction, that is, from 2005 to 2010, the energy consumption per unit of GDP will be reduced by about 20% from the period of 2005 to 2010. And chemical oxygen demand emissions reduced by 10%.
Although the “main battlefield†for energy saving and emission reduction of the country is still high energy consumption and high emission industries such as steel, nonferrous metals, chemicals, power, petroleum and petrochemicals, coal, building materials, textiles, and papermaking, the automobile industry has grown at a high speed and the industrial chain is very broad. The industry will assume major responsibility for the realization of the national energy-saving and emission reduction strategic goals in the future. '
New energy consumption and pollution in the automotive industry
At present, the proportion of oil resources in China's energy consumption structure is about 20%. Last year, China’s oil consumption was about 350 million tons. Statistics also show that currently the oil consumed by China's transportation industry accounts for about 40% of the total oil consumption.
However, at present, China’s car ownership is growing at a rate of more than 20% per year that is “rare†globally. According to statistics from the National Bureau of Statistics, as of the end of last year, China’s number of civilian vehicles had reached 49.85 million (including three-wheeled vehicles and 13.9 million low-speed trucks), of which civilian vehicles had a total of 15.45 million. According to relevant forecasts, by 2010, China’s civil vehicle ownership will be at least 90 million. Obviously, the rapid growth of car ownership will “engulf†oil resources in a larger proportion. Some experts predict that in 2010, the oil consumed by the transportation industry will account for more than 60% of China’s total oil consumption.
From the point of view of pollutant discharge, with the increase of the automobile ownership in China, the total amount of vehicle pollutants is also increasing. When gasoline or diesel is burned in an automobile engine, it generates a large number of environmentally harmful pollutants, including about 100 kinds of harmful substances, and the main pollutants include hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and fine particles.
A report from the State Environmental Protection Administration stated that gasoline pollution caused 79% of the fog in China. Of the 20 cities with the most serious air pollution in the world, 16 are in China. The monitoring of urban environmental air quality in China shows that at present, 70% of urban air quality in China is not up to standard. At present, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions from motor vehicles in major cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou account for 80% of total urban emissions. If it is not possible to effectively control motor vehicle pollution, by 2010, about 400 of the 661 cities in China will be transformed from soot-type pollution into soot-type and motor vehicle-type pollution.
Government-led policy investment in parallel
The auto industry has become a target area for hard-hit areas and key remediation. The "Notice" issued by the State Council on June 3 includes 10 aspects and 45 energy conservation and emission reduction measures. "In the case of direct talks and points to cars, there are 9 out of 45 measures. The 28th item specifically describes how the car should be managed. How old cars should be scrapped, reused, and remanufactured is very comprehensive." National Development and Reform Commission Director Li Wanli of the Department of Industrial Policy introduced and emphasized the importance of the automobile industry for energy conservation and emission reduction. “This year, the automobile production and sales will reach 8 million vehicles. The automobile development and social development have been in deep contradiction, and it is a moment of urgency. â€
Since July last year, with the National Development and Reform Commission as the “leader†unit, relevant departments have issued at least “Implementation Opinions for the Ten Key Energy Conservation Projects for the 11th Five-Year Planâ€, “China’s National Climate Change Program†and “Comprehensive Work on Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction†There are three normative policy documents, such as the Program, which provide clear guidance on how the automobile industry can save energy and reduce emissions.
The "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" Ten Major Energy-saving Project Implementation Opinions shows that during the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, the transportation industry should adopt various measures to save oil through the implementation of motor vehicle fuel economy standards and supporting policies and systems; implementation Clean vehicle action plans, develop hybrid vehicles, promote gas vehicles in city buses, taxis, etc., speed up the implementation of alcohol fuel promotion and coal liquefaction projects, and develop alternative fuels, thereby saving and replacing 38 million tons of oil.
The "China's National Climate Change Program" released in early June of this year emphasized that China will "investigate fiscal and taxation policies that encourage the development of energy-saving and environment-friendly small-displacement vehicles and speed up the elimination of high-fuel-consuming vehicles. The implementation of the fuel tax reform plan will be selected and energy saving measures will be encouraged. Policies on the consumption of environmentally-friendly small-displacement vehicles, elimination of various restrictions on energy-saving and environmentally-friendly small-displacement vehicles, vigorously developing public transportation, increasing the proportion of rail transit in urban transportation, and researching and encouraging the use of hybrid vehicles and pure electric vehicles. Production and consumption policies."
Almost at the same time, the "Comprehensive Work Program for Energy Saving and Emission Reduction" also pointed out that China will "control the development of high fuel consumption and high pollution motor vehicles, strictly enforce the fuel consumption limits for passenger vehicles and light commercial vehicles, and establish fuel consumption for automotive products. Quantity declaration and publicity system, and reiterated that it will implement the preferential taxation policy for encouraging energy-saving and environment-friendly vehicles and timely introduce fuel tax.
In addition to a series of policies, the actual investment of government departments in energy conservation and emission reduction projects, including the automotive industry, is also "costly". According to the information from the National Development and Reform Commission, the government has arranged 680 million yuan in government bond subsidies for only the ten key energy-saving projects. These funds have also absorbed nearly 500 million yuan of funds invested by the provinces, as well as social investment. 10.7 billion yuan.
The reporter was also informed that during the "11th Five-Year Plan" period, China has decided to invest RMB 1.1 billion in the development of new energy vehicles to establish a fuel cell vehicle power system technology platform, a hybrid vehicle power system technology platform and pure electric vehicle power system technology. The platform provides technical support for companies to develop new energy vehicles.
Car companies competing for action
In fact, as early as the end of 2004, China released the first "Special Plan for Energy Saving Medium and Long Term." However, since the country did not achieve the energy saving and pollution reduction targets that were determined at the beginning of the year in 2006, in 2007, energy conservation and emission reduction became a government-led, enterprise-wide and even whole-society participation in the “national sportâ€. In this “national sportâ€, although the current auto industry is not the “bearish†industry, in order to achieve the sustainable development of the industry itself, relevant authorities and many auto manufacturers have taken a series of actions in energy conservation and emission reduction. .
As the most direct administrative department in the domestic automotive industry, the National Development and Reform Commission has issued two consecutive numbers of passenger car fuel consumption since last October. Although this is merely an announcement of the fuel consumption of domestic passenger cars, the positive effect of fuel consumption publicity measures on energy conservation is the backdrop of rising oil prices and fuel consumption that are becoming the most important factor for consumers when buying cars. ,It is obvious.
Major automobile manufacturers have already started to move. In the area of ​​passenger vehicles, FAW-Volkswagen has introduced Audi, Bora, and Jetta diesel vehicles; FAW Toyota has launched the Prius hybrid; Great Wall and Huatai's diesel SUVs also appeared after the listing last year. In addition, after Shanghai Volkswagen became a partner of the Beijing Olympics, it started the Olympic Games and responded to the call for the Green Olympics. At present, Shanghai Volkswagen is actively cooperating with the German Volkswagen's powertrain strategy and aims to achieve a goal of reducing fuel consumption and emissions of the full range of products by 20% by 2010 through technology upgrades.
In the field of commercial vehicles, Dongfeng, FAW, and Foton are all accelerating the development of new low-emission energy-saving products. In August this year, Foton Motor set up a key laboratory for energy conservation and emission reduction. It is reported that after the completion of the laboratory, the fuel economy of the product will be a qualitative leap, and the fuel consumption of heavy truck products will be reduced by more than 10%.
In the field of electric vehicles, which has been a priority for development in China, the government has clearly put forward national standards such as manufacturing cost below 30%, fuel consumption over 30%, and emissions reduction by more than 50%, and proposed that “pure electric vehicles must break through key technologies and realize industries. Initialization; hybrid vehicles launched in batches; fuel electric vehicles as the medium and long-term development goals of the overall concept of thinking, at present, FAW Hongta, Tianjin Qingyuan production of electric vehicles have been exported, independent research and development of BYD's first dual-mode hybrid car F6DM and The Changan CV9 hybrid car has also been successfully developed and will soon be industrialized.
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Car energy conservation policies have been issued one after another
In terms of controlling the energy consumption and pollution emissions of automobiles, China’s policies have been continuously strengthened and improved.
On June 1, 2004, the National Development and Reform Commission issued the “Development Policy for the Automobile Industryâ€. The policy clearly states: “The state will guide and encourage the development of energy-saving and environmentally friendly small-displacement vehicles and promote the production and use of hybrid vehicles.†: "Before 2010, the average fuel consumption of new passenger vehicles will be more than 15% lower than in 2003."
On July 1, 2005, with the official implementation of the first mandatory national standard for fuel consumption of automobiles in China, the “Limits on Fuel Consumption of Passenger Carsâ€, relevant government departments have entered the substantive stage of encouraging and supervising energy-saving and environmentally friendly vehicles. .
In early 2006, the six ministries and commissions of the country jointly issued the "Opinions on Encouraging the Development of Energy-saving and Environment-friendly Small-displacement Vehicles" to control the development of high-emission vehicles.
On October 23, 2007, the National Development and Reform Commission formally issued the “Regulations on the Management of Production Access for New Energy Vehicles†and implemented it on November 1 of the same year. The policy shows that the government has provided policy space for the development of new energy sources.
From July 1, 2007, China began to implement the third phase of the emission limits of light vehicle pollutants, and in 2010 it will implement the fourth phase of vehicle emission standards. From 2008 to 2012, only road vehicles will reduce nitrogen oxide emissions by 1.8 million tons, hydrocarbons by 2.2 million tons and carbon monoxide by 16 million tons, which will bring significant environmental benefits to the society.
In addition, the National Development and Reform Commission clearly stated in the “Comprehensive Work Program for Energy Saving and Emission Reduction†formulated by the relevant authorities that the state will accelerate the formulation and improvement of tax policies that encourage energy conservation and emission reduction.